Florence Council

                                                ‡d¬v‡iÝ gnv mfv

 

cÖviw¤¢K K_b

Lªxó gÊjxi mß`k mvaviY mfv †cvc PZz_© BDwR‡bi AvnŸv‡b Avi¤¢ nq 1431 †_‡K 1447 Lªxóv‡ã †d¬v‡iÝ kn‡i| mvaviY gnvmfvwUi cÖ_g Awa‡ekb nq BZvwji †diviv kn‡i Rvbyqvix 8, 1438 Lªxóvã †_‡K Rvbyqvix 10, 1439 Lªxóvã ch©šÍ| wØZxq Awa‡ekb Avi¤¢ nq †d¬v‡i‡Ý †deªæqvix 26, 1439 Lªxóv‡ã Ges †m‡Þ¤^‡i †cvc BDwRb †iv‡g ¯’vbvšÍi K‡ib| Z‡e †Kvb cÖKvi wjwLZ bw_cÎ QvovB mfv mgvß Kiv n‡qwQj wKš‘ GwU  n‡q wQj m¤¢Z 1445 Lªxóv‡ã|

†d¬v‡i‡Ý gnvmfvwU n‡qwQj cÖvP¨ gÊjx (MÖxK) Ges cvðvZ¨ (j¨vwUb) gÊjxi gvÊwjK wel‡q GKZv wb‡q| GB gnvmfvwU myBRvij¨v‡Êi eªv‡m‡j Avi¤¢ nq 1431 Lªxóv‡ã wKš‘ GB m‡¤§jb †cv‡ci ÿgZv wb‡q P¨v‡jÄ K‡ib| BDwRb b‡f¤^i 30, 1437 Lªxóv‡ã mfvi mgvwß †NvlYv K‡i Ges bZzb mfv AvnŸvb Kivi Av‡`k Rvwi K‡ib †diviv‡Z| hw`I eª¨v‡m‡ji mfv A‰bwZK fv‡e 1449 Lªxóvã ch©šÍ PjwQj|

†divivq Awa‡ekb

cvðvZ¨ wekcMY †diviv‡Z Rvbyqvix 8, 1438 Lªxóv‡ã bZzb mfv Avi¤¢ K‡ib| BDwRb GB mfvq Avmvi Rb¨, _vKv, hvZvq‡Zi e¨q fvi enb Kiv ivwR nq we‡kl fv‡e cÖvP¨ cÖwZwbwa‡`i e¨q fvi|  cÖvP¨ gÊjxi 700 Rb cÖwZwbwa †deªæqvix gv‡mi 8 Zvwi‡L †fwbm kn‡i †cŠuQvq Ges gv‡P©i cÖ_g mßv‡n Zviv †diviv‡Z †cŠQvq| Zv‡`i g‡a¨ Dcw¯’Z wQj Kb÷¨vbwU‡bvc‡ji c¨vwUªqvK©©, wØZxq †hv‡md, Av‡j·RvwÛqvi wnmve wbixÿK 20 Rb wekc (Avwš’‡qvK I †Riæmv‡j‡gi) Ges Ab¨vb¨ hvRKeM© I cÖv‡P¨i mgªvU Aóg †hvnb, Zvi fvB †WwgwUªDm Ges Zv‡`i AvBbÁ e¨w³eM©| cÖvP¨ I cvðvZ¨ cÖwZwbwa wb‡q 9 GwcÖj gnv mgv‡iv‡n mvaviY mfv D‡Øvab Kiv nq| mgªv‡Ui AwfcÖv‡q cvðv‡Z¨i ivRcy‡Îi Rb¨ A‡cÿv Kiv nq| Z‡e d«vÝ Zv‡`i cÖwZwbwa cvVvq| 4 Ryb n‡Z RyjvB G gvSvgvwS chšÍ© ïP¨vwMœ¯’vb (ga¨¯’vb) wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡qwQj| †Kvb HK¨g‰Z bv †cŠ‡QB Av‡jvPbv mgvß Kiv nq|

cÖ_g ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Awa‡ekb ïiæ nq  8 A‡±vei †_‡K 13 wW‡m¤^i chšÍ© †gvU 13 wU gZev`‡K (Doctrinal)  †K›`ª K‡i| MÖxK gÊjx wbev©wPZ welqvw` wb‡q we‡kl K‡i wb‡mqv wek¦vm g‡š¿i ÒFilioque” cyÎ n‡Z hvZ e‡j eR©b K‡i| MÖxK gÊjx `vwe K‡ib †h G‡dmvm gnvmfv wb‡mqv wek¦vm gš¿ cwieZ©‡b wewa wb‡la Av‡ivc K‡ib| j¨vwUb gÊjx wb‡mqv wek¦vm AUzZ ivL‡Z wb‡`©k cÖ`vb K‡ib| d‡j †Kvb cÖKvi HK¨ mvwaZ nqwb|

gnvgvwi †ivM †cøM, ˆmb¨‡`i wek„•Lj g‡bvfve, MÖxK gÊjxi cªwZwbwa‡`i e¨q fvi en‡bi KviY †`wL‡q 1439 Lªxóv‡ã gnvmfv †d¬v‡i‡Ý ¯’vbvšÍi Kiv nq| hvi LiP †m †`‡ki RbMY enb Ki‡Z ivwR nq| 

†d¬v‡i‡Ýi Awa‡ek

cÖvK mfv 26 †deªæqvix mgvß nIqvi ci 2 gvP© ‡_‡K 24 gvP© †gvU AvUwU Awa‡ekb AbywôZ nq| j¨vwUb gÐjxi `vex K‡ib ‡h, wcZv, cyÎ n‡ZB cweÎ AvZ¥v G‡m‡Q wKš‘ MÖxK gÐjx `vwe K‡ib ‡h ïay wcZv n‡ZB G‡m‡Q| gb‡U‡b‡ivi †hvnbB j¨vwUb gÐjxi c‡ÿ e³e¨ Dc¯’vcb K‡ib| Ab¨w`‡K MÖxK gÐjxi c‡ÿ gvK© BD‡Rwbqvm  Zvi e³e¨ †ck K‡ib| †gvU cvPuwU Awa‡ekb †Rvov‡jv fv‡e Av‡jvPbv nq Dc‡iv³ welq wb‡q| wKš‘ 6 ô Awa‡ek‡b gvK© kv‡¯¿i Dw³ wb‡q e‡jb ‡h, GB gnvmfv MÖxK‡`i cÿ mg_©b K‡ib| 7g I 8g Awa‡ek‡b gb‡U‡b‡iv GKB  Dw³ wb‡q e‡jb GB mfv  j¨vwUb gÐjxi cÿve¤^j K‡ib| wKš‘ Gi djvdj w¯’i n‡q _v‡K|

`yÕgvm a‡i h‡_ô ch©v‡jvPbv I hyw³Z‡K©i ci MÖxK wekcMY (Dogma) ag©wek¦vmwU A_v©r ïP¨vwMœ¯’vb I †cv‡ci KZ…©Z¡ m¤ú‡K© Kv_wjK gÐjx hv wkÿv †`q  Zv‡Z m¤§wZ ev GKgZ †cvlY K‡ib| 6B Rvbyqvix, 1439 Lªxóvã 133 Rb j¨vwUb wekc I 33 Rb MÖxK wekc KZ…©K †cvcxq Abykvmb cÎ  (Laetentur Coeli) mvÿwiZ nq| Gfv‡e Avev‡iv MÖxK gÊjx ag© we‡”Q‡`i (Greek Schism ) Aemvb N‡U|

†cvcxq AvÁvc‡b ev Abykvm‡b Gfv‡e †cv‡ci e¨vL¨v Kiv nq ÒcweÎ w·Z¡iÓ bv‡g Avgiv †d¬v‡i‡Ýi cyY¨ I mvaviY gnvmfv m¤§wZµ‡g Avbyiƒc ixwZ‡Z `„pfv‡e †NvlYv KiwQ †h, mvov c„w_ex Ry‡o cyY¨ †cÖwiwZK (Apostolic) kvmK Ges †iv‡gi wek‡ci i‡q‡Q †kªôZ¡ Ges Av‡iv †NvlYv KiwQ †h, †iv‡gi wekc  n‡j mvay wcZ‡ii DËivwaKvix, †cÖwiZ‡`i cÖwZwbwa Ges wZwb Lªx‡ói mwZ¨Kvi cªwZwbwa Avi mgMÖ gÐjxi cÖavb; mg¯Í Lªxóvbymvixi wcZv I wkÿK; Ges mvay wcZ‡ii ga¨w`‡q Zvui Dc‡iB Avgv‡`i cÖfz hxï Lªxó †gliƒc gÊjx‡K cvjb, kvmb Ges cwiPvjbv Kivi m¤ú~Y© ÿgZv b¨¯Í K‡i‡Qb wVK †hgbwU gnv mfv¸‡jvi Kvh©µ‡g Ges cyY¨ wewa¸‡jv‡Z (Sacred Canons) wbwnZ i‡q‡Q| Gme wb‡qB MÖxK wekcMY †`‡k wd‡i hvb| AZci kxNÖB Av‡g©wbqvbi g‡bvwdRvBU gÐjx¸‡jvi †bZ„eM© †d¬v‡i‡Ý G‡m †ivgxq gÐjxi mv‡_ c~Y©wgj‡bi Av‡e`b Rvbvq|  Kvjwm‡Wvb (Chalcedon) gnvmfvq cÖYxZ Ges †cvc mvay wjI KZ©„K A_© ewY©Z wek¦v‡mi mywbw`©ó e¨vL¨vi cÖwZ Zviv GKgZ †cvlY K‡iwQ‡jb|1442 Lªxóv‡ã Bw_IcxqivI gÊjx‡Z cybivq M„nxZ nb| †d¬‡i‡Ý gnvmfvq mgv‡e‡ki †kl ZvwiL wQj AvMó 1445 Lªxóvã hLb gnvmfv mvBcÖv‡mi †bóixq åvšÍgZev`x‡`i MÖnY K‡i| ZvivI ivRx nq G‡dmxq gnvmfvi Aa¨v‡`k (Nestarian) ¸‡jv cvjb Kivi Rb¨ hv †b‡÷ixDR Ges Zvi wkÿv‡K Awfhy³K‡iwQ‡jb| †d¬v‡i‡Ý gnvmfv †k‡li mwVK w`bÿb Avgiv Rvb‡Z cvwi bv|

mnvqK MÖš’vejx

&  The Encyclopedia for School and Home, 1^st ed., V.4, s.v. “Florence, Council of”, by Gill Joseph, l, 1965.

& New Catholic Encyclopedia, 2^nd ed., V.3, s.v. “Florence, Council of”, by M.M. Chilenall, 2003.

& THOMAS, P.C.: General Councils of the Church, The Bombay Saint Paul Society, Bangalore, 2005.

& MURPHY, John L.: The General Councils of the Church, The Bruce Publishing Company, Melwaukee, 1959.

& gv‡Ëwi‡qwË, G gbwmK&b‡i: Lªxóxq mfvi mvaviY BwZnvm, cÖ_g LÊ, KjKvZv, 1892|

& www. Wikipedia.com