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Politics
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ag©cjx¯’ eo wkKvicyi Mªv‡g Rb¥ MÖnY K‡ib| ¯^Mx©q wb‡Kvjvm M‡gR I ¯^Mx©q Kzmyg
Lªxwóbv M‡gR Zvui wcZvgvZv| wZwb cyivZb XvKv Aew¯’Z †m›U †MÖMixR nvB ¯‹zj n‡Z
1935 mv‡j Gm. Gm. wm, cvk K‡ib| 1941 mv‡j cÖv‡P¨i AK&ª‡dvU© (eZ©gvb XvKv
wek¦we`¨vjq) n‡Z BwZnv‡m mœvZK m¤§vb jvf K‡ib Ges 1938 mv‡j fviZ el©, evgv© I
wmsn‡j (kªxj¼v) Avš—:wek¦we`¨vjq weZ©K cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq AskMÖnY K‡i cÖ_g ¯’vb
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RwoZ wQ‡jb| mvsMVwbK w`K w`‡q A‡bK `¶ wQ‡jb| 1944 mv‡j XvKv Kg©Pvix mwgwZ M‡o
‡Zv‡jb| G mwgwZi j¶¨ D‡Ïk¨ Kg©Pvix‡`i `vwe `vIqv Av`vq Kiv| wZwb QvÎ Ae¯’v n‡ZB
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wbev©wPZ nb| 1955 mv‡j Ks‡MÖm cvwU©i g‡bvbxZ cÖv_x© wn‡m‡e †K›`ªxq AvBb cwil‡`
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Awa‡ em‡j wZwb cvwK¯’vb iv‡óªi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡iwQ‡jb| 1958 mv‡j cvwK¯’v‡bi
cÖavbgš¿x wd‡ivR Lvub~b Gi gš¿x cwil‡` ekb †hvM‡hvM wefv‡Mi †÷U gš¿x wn‡m‡e
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hvq| 1961 mv‡j AvBb kv‡¯¿ Gj. Gj. we. (L.L.B.) wWMÖx jvf K‡i
1963 mv‡j A‡±vei gv‡m XvKv nvB †Kv‡U©i ev‡i †hvM`vb K‡ib|
1970 I 1973 mv‡ji wbev©P‡b i“cMÄ - biwmsw` _vbv GjvKvq Ks‡MÖ‡mi
cÖv_©x wn‡m‡e wbev©Pb Ki‡jI mvdj¨ jvf Ki‡Z cvwiwb| wZwb GKvav‡i Ks‡Mªm cvwU©i
hyM¥ m¤úv`K, fvi cÖvß m¤úv`K I mvaviY m¤úv`‡Ki `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| 1955 mv‡j cvwK¯’v‡bi cÖ_g kvmbZš¿ cªYqb PjwQj, ZLb bZzb
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joint Elictorate?” “Do not make Pakistan a Theocratic State” bv‡g †jLv cÖKvwkZ nq| GB iPbv c„w_ex L¨vZ mvgwqKx wbDBq©K
UvBgm G cybivq cÖKvk Kiv nq| Zvui I mbvZb ag©vej¤^x cwil` m`m¨‡`i AK¬vš—
cwikª‡gi d‡jB 1956 mv‡j kvmbZ‡š¿ msL¨vjNy m¤cÖ`v‡qi Rb¨ Avmb wbw`©ó Kiv nq|
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weZiY K‡iwQ‡jb| 1957 mv‡j ZvuiB e¨e¯’vcbvq †K›`ªxq miKvi Lªxóvb Qv·`i e„wËi
e¨e¯’v K‡ib|
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ivR‰bwZK m‡PZbZv Dbœq‡bi j‡¶¨ DcRvZxq msMVb ÒUªvBevj I‡qj‡dqvi G‡mvwm‡qkbÓ MVb
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`vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib I gvby‡li ¯^v_© I AwaKvi Av`v‡q mwµq f~wgK cvjb K‡ib| 1991
mv‡j gqgbwmsn - 1 Avmb n‡Z (Avmb bs-149) evsjv‡`k AvIqvgx jxM I AvU `jxq †RvU
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